Hist 450, Spring 2017

American Foreign Relations Since 1914
Hist. 450, Section 1
Offered by the Department of History, University of Arizona
Spring Semester, 2017
Tuesday and Thursday, 9:30-10:45am
Harvill Bldg, Rm. 404

Instructor:
David N. Gibbs, Professor of History
Office: Social Sciences, Rm. 227
Office hours: Monday and Wednesday, 8:30-10:00am
Tel: 621-5416
dgibbs@email.arizona.edu
 

    This class will analyze basic issues of international relations and foreign policy, with a special focus on U.S. intervention in underdeveloped countries. The main purpose of this class is to provide students with an ability to examine international issues critically and in a historical context. Several general areas will be emphasized: The historical background that led to the emergence of the USA as a major power, beginning at the end of the nineteenth century; the role of covert operations during the Cold War; the Vietnam War and its long-term effects; the end of the Cold War; and post-9/11 U.S. actions. 

    Throughout, students will be asked to evaluate the causes and motivations of specific events in international relations and to compare multiple interpretations of these incidents. For example in the section on the Vietnam War, students will be asked to consider why the United States acted as it did; to lay out several different potential explanations for U.S. actions in Vietnam; and to decide which of these possible explanations seems most plausible.    

 

Requirements

    The course requirements include three in-class exams, which will involve a combination of essay and short answers. The class grades will be calculated as follows:

     First midterm, 30 percent;
     Second midterm, 30 percent
     Final, 40 percent.

    Students must take the exams on the scheduled dates. Please look at the syllabus and make sure that the exam dates are open for you. If you have an engagement scheduled for one of the required dates -- if you have a wedding or a sports event, for example -- then you should take another class. The following circumstances constitute legitimate reasons to miss an exam: illness, death in immediate family, religious holiday, or mandatory military service. Students who present such reasons must be prepared to show documentation, such as a note from a doctor, clergy, or commanding officer. 

 

Class Attendance

    Students are of course expected to attend class regularly, as the exams are based in part on the class lectures. However, I do not take attendance. If you must miss a class, I recommend you copy the class notes from another student. You may also ask a student to record classes that you expect to miss. 

 

Office Hours

   If you have any questions about the readings, lectures, or other aspects of the class, come to see me during office hours. If you cannot make it to the scheduled office hours, let me know and we can schedule an appointment when we can meet.

   Note that I prefer to discuss face to face, so please do not send me long emails with lengthy questions; instead come to office hours so we can discuss. Save emails for simple requests, such as rescheduling an appointment.

 

Students with Disabilities

    I will be happy to arrange the assignments in any reasonable way that is consistent with the student’s needs, in cooperation with the UA Disability Resource Center. It is the student’s responsibility to find out what the Center requires, to fill out the forms, and to undertake the necessary “foot work” for special arrangements. The student is responsible to make sure that all deadlines are met.

 

Readings

The following can all be purchased at the University Book Store:

  •  Robert D. Schulzinger, US Diplomacy Since 1900 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2007).
     
  • William Blum, Killing Hope: US Military and CIA Interventions Since World War II (Monroe, ME: Common Courage Press, 2008).

Several articles listed below are available through one of several electronic databases. Other materials, as indicated below, are available through the course D2L page.

   I may make small changes in the reading list – with advance notice – during the course of the semester.
 

Trigger Warning:
This class contains offensive material. If this is a problem for you, then you should select a different class.

 

 

January 12
First Class

  • General introduction, no readings.

 

Week of January 16
Theoretical Issues in U.S. Foreign Policy

  • Ronald Cox, Power and Profits: U.S. Policy in Central America (Lexington, KY: University Press of Kentucky, 1994), pp. 1-19. Available through D2L.

 

Week of January 23
Early American Intervention

  • Thomas McCormick, China Market (Chicago: Quadrangle Press, 1967), pp. 21-76. Available through D2L.
     
  • Schulzinger, US Diplomacy Since 1900, chap. 2.

 

Week of January 30
Isolationism and U.S. Foreign Policy

  • Jeffrey Frieden, “Sectoral Conflict and U.S. Foreign Economic Policy, 1914-1940,” International Organization 42, no. 1, 1988. Available through JSTOR (click on "View PDF").
     
  • Schulzinger, US Diplomacy Since 1900, chap. 4.

 

Week of February 6
The Origins of the Cold War

  • Schulzinger, US Diplomacy Since 1900, chaps. 8-9.
     
  • Dwight D. Eisenhower, “Farewell Address,” January 17, 1961. For full text, click here. Note especially section IV of Eisenhower’s speech.

Recommended:

  • Blum, Killing Hope, chaps. 2, 6, 7.

 

Week of February 13
Covert Operations I

  • U.S. Joint Chiefs of Staff, “Justification for U.S. Military Intervention in Cuba,” March 13, 1962, recently declassified. For full text, click here.
     
  • Blum, Killing Hope, chaps. 9, 10, 14.

Recommended:

  • Michael J. Sullivan, American Adventurism Abroad: Invasions, Interventions, and Regime Changes Since World War II (Malden, MA: Blackwell, 2008), chap. 3. Available through D2L.
     
  • "The Truth about J. Edgar Hoover," Time, December 22, 1975. For full text, click here (note 10 part).
     
  • Ronald Kessler, "Hoover's Secret Files," Daily Beast, August 2, 2011. For full text, click here

 

Week of February 20
Covert Operations II

  • Stephen Weissman, "An Extraordinary Rendition [on the 1961 assassination of Patrice Lumumba]," Intelligence and National Security 25, no. 2, 2010. Available through EBSCOhost-EJS (click on "Open in New Window").
     
  • Blum, Killing Hope, chap. 26

First Midterm: February 23

 

Week of February 27
The Vietnam War and its Aftermath

  • Schulzinger, US Diplomacy Since 1900, chap. 10.
     
  • Blum, Killing Hope, chap. 19.

 

Week of March 6
The Afghan Crisis

  • David N. Gibbs, “Does the USSR Have a ‘Grand Strategy’? Reinterpreting the Invasion of Afghanistan,” Journal of Peace Research 24, no. 4, 1987. Available through JSTOR (click on "View PDF").
     
  • Blum, Killing Hope, chap. 53.

Recommended:

  • Zbigniew Brzezinski, “Les Révélations d’un Ancien Conseilleur de Carter: ‘Oui, la CIA est Entrée en Afghanistan avant les Russes...’” Le Nouvel Observateur [Paris], January 15-21, 1998. For English translation, click here.

 

Week of March 13, Spring Break, no class.

 

Week of March 20
The “Second Cold War”

  • Norman Podhoretz, “The Present Danger,” Commentary, March 1980. For full text, click here.  
     
  • David N. Gibbs, “Pretexts and U.S. Foreign Policy: The War on Terrorism in Historical Perspective,” New Political Science 26, no. 3, 2004. For full text, click here.

 

Week of March 27
U.S. Resurgence in the International Arena

  • Schulzinger, US Diplomacy Since 1900, chaps. 11-12.

Second Midterm: March 30.

 

Week of April 3
The Reagan Doctrine

  • Blum, Killing Hope, chaps. 41, 45, 48.

Recommended:

  • Blum, Killing Hope, chaps. 49, 53.

 

Week of April 10
American Strategy after the Cold War

  • Christopher Layne, “Rethinking American Grand Strategy,” World Policy Journal 15, no. 2, 1998. Available through JSTOR (click on "View PDF").
     
  • Schulzinger, US Diplomacy Since 1900, chap. 15.

 

Week of April 17
Terrorism and the “Afghan Connection”

  • Julie Kosterlitz, “Troops and Consequences: America’s Track Record in the Persian Gulf and Afghanistan Suggests that Today’s Solutions can Lead to Tomorrow’s Problems,” National Journal, Nov 3, 2001. Full text available though EBSCOhost-EJS.
     
  • Chalmers Johnson, “The Lessons of Blowback: Even Carefully Planned Actions Can Have Unintended Consequences,” Los Angeles Times, September 30, 2001. For full text, click here.

 

Week of April 24
US Relations with Post-Communist Russia

  • John J. Mearsheimer, "Why the Ukraine Crisis is the West's Fault," Foreign Affairs, September/October, 2014. For full text, click here
     
  • Stephen Walt and Marc Tractenberg,"Stealing Elections is All in the Game: Moscow Didn't Do Anything in America's Last Election that Washington Hasn't Done Elsewhere in the World," Foreign Policy, January 10, 2017. For full text, click here
     
  • Thomas L. Friedman, "Foreign Affairs: Now a Word from X," New York Times, May 2, 1998. For full text, click here.
     
  • Uwe Kluffmann, Matthias Schepp, and Klaus Wiegrefe, "NATO's Eastward Expansion: Did the West Break its Promise to Moscow?" Der Spiegel International, November 26, 2009. For full text, click here
     

May 2
General Review

  • No assigned readings.
     

Final exam: May 9, 8:00am